RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ron the report of the Third Committee
51/95. Follow-up to the United Nations Year for Tolerance
The General Assembly,
Recalling its resolutions 47/124 of 18 December 1992, 48/126 of 20 December 1993 and 49/213 of 23 December 1994, by which it proclaimed and supported the United Nations Year for Tolerance,
Recalling also that the Charter of the United Nations affirms in its preamble that to practice tolerance is one of the principIes to be applied to attain the ends pursued by the United Nations of preventing war and maintaining peace,
Stressing that one of the purposes of the United Nations, as set forth in the Charter, is the achievement of international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,
Bearing in mind the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993, and the International Covenants on Human Rights,
Reconfirming that tolerance is the sound foundation of any civil society and of peace,
Taking note of the note by the Secretary-General4 transmitting the final report on the United Nations Year for Tolerance, including the Declaration of PrincipIes on Tolerance and the Follow-up Plan of Action for the United Nations Year for Tolerance, submitted to him by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as requested by the General Assembly in its resolution 49/213,
Taking note also of resolution 5.6 adopted by the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its twenty-eighth session,
1. Welcomes the role played by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the preparation for and implementation of the United Nations Year for Tolerance;
2. Takes note of the Declaration of PrincipIes on Tolerance and the Follow-up Plan of Action for the United Nations Year for Tolerance, adopted by the States members of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization on 16 November 1995;
3. Expresses its appreciation for the contribution of the regional conferences on tolerance and other relevant activities organized during the United Nations Year for Tolerance at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Seoul (Republic of Korea), Sienna (Italy), Carthage (Tunisia), New Delhi (India), Moscowand Yakutsk (Russian Federation), Tbilisi (Georgia) and Istanbul (Turkey) to the Declaration of PrincipIes and the Follow-up Plan of Action for the promotion of tolerance;
4. Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to take appropriate initiatives, including holding regional meetings, to assure the follow-up and implementation of the outcome of the regional conferences organized during the United Nations Year for Tolerance and to promote further the spirit instigated by those conferences;
5. Invites Member States to consider applying the Declaration of PrincipIes at the national level and to continue to undertake public information campaigns in connection with the Follow-up Plan of Action aimed at the realization of more tolerant societies;
6. AIso invites Member States to observe the International Day for Tolerance annually on 16 November with appropriate activities directed towards both educational establishments and the wider public;
7. Encourages the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to continue its activities aimed at reinforcing the struggle against the rise of intolerance;
8. Recommends that interested intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and specialized agencies exert efforts in their respective fields to contribute to the long-term follow-up programme for the United Nations Year for Tolerance, including celebration of the International Day for Tolerance, and to consider what further contributions they can make to implement and disseminate the standards affirmed in the Declaration of PrincipIes;
9. Reguests the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to continue to coordinate actions in support of tolerance promotion and education in partnership with other United Nations agencies and regional, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations and to make reports available to the General Assembly on a biennial basis on the implementation of the Declaration of PrincipIes and the Follow-up Plan of Action;
10. Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to consider, at an appropriate time, the possibility of organizing an international conference to inform and mobilize public opinion, as well as the United Nations system, in this regard;
11. Decides to consider the question of the follow-up to the United Nations Year for Tolerance at its fifty-third session.
82nd plenary meeting
12 December 1996
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES ON TOLERANCE, 1995
Introduction
On the initiative of UNESCO, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 1995 the United Nations Year for Tolerance and designated UNESCO as lead agency for this Year. In conformity with its mandate and in order to call public attention worldwide to the urgent matter of tolerance, the General Conference of UNESCO solemnly adopted on 16 November 1995, the 50th anniversary of the signature of UNESCO's Constitution, the Declaration of the Principles of Tolerance. The Member States of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, meeting in Paris at the twenty-eighth session of the General Conference, from 25 October to 16 November 1995.
Preamble
Bearing in mind that the United Nations Charter states "We, the peoples of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, ... to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person... and for these ends to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours."
Recalling that the Preamble to the Constitution of UNESCO adopted on 16 November 1945, states that "peace, it it is not to fail, must be founded on the intellectual and moral solidarity of mankind."
Recalling also that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights affirms that "Everyone has the right to freedom of though, conscience and religion" (Article 18), "of opinion and expression" (Article 19), and that education "should promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups" (Article 26),
Noting relevant international instruments including:
the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,
the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,
the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide,
the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol and regional instrumnents, the Convention on the Elimination of Any Form of Discrimination against Women,
the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment,
the Declaration on the Elimination of Any Form of Intolerance Based on Religion or Belief the Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities,
the Declaration on measures to Eliminate International Terrorism,
the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Conference on Human Rights the Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action adopted by the World Summit for Social Development the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice,
the UNESCO Convention and Recommnendation against Discrimination in Education,
Bearing in mind the objectives of the Third Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination, the World Decade Human Rights Education, and the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People,
Taking into consideration the recomendations of regional conferences organized in the framework of the United Nations Year for Tolerance in accordance with UNESCO General Conference 27C/Resolution 5.14, as well as the conclusions and recommendations of other conferences and meetings organized by Member States within the programme of the United Nations Year for Tolerance,
Alarmed by the current rise in acts of intolerance, violence, terrorism, xenophobia, aggressive nationalism, racism, anti-Semitism, exclusion, marginalization and discrimination directed against national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities, refugees, migrant workers, immigrants and vulnerable groups within societies, as well as acts of violence and intimidation committed against individuals exercising their freedom of opinion and expression - all of which threaten the consolidation of peace and democracy both nationally and internationally and which are all obstacles to development,
Emphasising the responsibilities of Member States to develop and encourage respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction as to race, gender, language, national origin, religion or disability, and to combat intolerance,
Adopt and solemnly proclaim this Declaration of Principles on Tolerance.
Resolving to take all positive measures necessary to promote tolerance in our societies, because tolerance is not only a cherished principle, but also a necessity for peace and for the economic and social advancement of all peoples.
We declare the following:
Article 1 - Meaning of tolerance
1.1 Tolerance is respect, acceptance and appreciation of the rich diversity of our world's cultures, our forms of expression and ways of being human. It is fostered by knowledge, openness, communication and freedom of thought, conscience and belief. Tolerance is harmony in difference. It is not only a moral duty, it is also a political and legal requirement. Tolerance, the virtue that makes peace possible, contributes to the replacement of the culture of war by a culture of peace.
1.2 Tolerance is not concession, condescension or indulgence. Tolerance is, above all, an active attitude prompted by recognition of the universal human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. In no circumstance can it be used to justify infringements of these fundamental values. Tolerance is to be exercised by individuals, groups and States.
1.3 Tolerance is the responsibility that upholds human rights, pluralism (including cultural pluralism), democracy and the rule of law. It involves the rejection of dogmatism and absolutism and affirms the standards set out in international human rights instruments.
1.4 Consistent with respect for human rights, the practice of tolerance does not mean toleration of social injustice or the abandonment or weakening of one's convictions. It means that one is free to adhere to one's own convictions and accepts that others adhere to theirs. It means accepting the fact that human beings, naturally diverse in their appearance, situation, speech, behaviour and values, have the right to live in peace and to be as they are. It also means that one's views are not to be imposed on others.
Article 2 - State level
2.1 Tolerance at the State level requires just and impartial legislation, law enforcement and judicial and administrative process. It also requires that economic and social opportunities be made available to each person without any discrimination. Exclusion and marginalization can lead to frustration, hostility and fanaticism .
2.2. In order to achieve a more tolerant society, States should ratify existing international human rights conventions, and draft new legislation where necessary to ensure equality of treatment and of opportunity for all groups and individuals in society.
2.3 It is essential for international harmony that individuals, communities and nations accept and respect the multicultural character of the human family. Without tolerance there can be no peace, and without peace there can be no development or democracy.
2.4 Intolerance may take the form of marginalization of vulnerable groups and their exclusion from social and political participation, as well as violence and discrimination against them. As confirmed in the Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice "All individuals and groups have the right to be different" (Article 1.2).
Article 3 - Social dimensions
3.1 In the modern world, tolerance is more essential than ever before. It is an age marked by the globalization of the economy and by rapidly increasing mobility, communication, integration and interdependence, large-scale migrations and displacement of populations, urbanization and changing social patterns. Since every part of the world is characterized by diversity, escalating intolerance and strife potentially menaces every region. It is not confined to any country, but is a global threat.
3.2 Tolerance is necessary between individuals and at the family and community levels. Tolerance promotion and the shaping of attitudes of openness, mutual listening and solidarity should take place in schools and universities, and through non-formal education, at home and in the workplace. The communication media are in a position to play a constructive role in facilitating free and open dialogue and discussion, disseminating the values of tolerance, and highlighting the dangers of indifference towards the rise in intolerant groups and ideologies.
3.3 As affirmed by the UNESCO Declaration on Race and Racial Prejudice, measures must be taken to ensure equality in dignity and rights for individuals and groups wherever necessary. In this respect, particular attention should be paid to vulnerable groups which are socially or economically disadvantaged so as to afford them the protection of the laws and social measures in force, in particular with regard to housing, employment and health, to respect the authenticity of their culture and values, and to facilitate their social and occupational advancement and integration, especially through education.
3.4 Appropriate scientific studies and networking should be undertaken to co-ordinate the international community's response to this global challenge, including analysis by the social sciences of root causes and effective countermeasures, as well as research and monitoring in support of policy-making and standard-setting action by Member States.
Article 4 - Education
4.1 Education is the most effective means of preventing intolerance. The first step in tolerance education is to teach people what their shared rights and freedoms are, so that they may be respected, and to promote the will to protect those of others.
4.2 Education for tolerance should be considered an urgent imperative; that is why it is necessary to promote systematic and rational tolerance teaching methods that will address the cultural, social, economic, political and religious sources of intolerance - major roots of violence and exclusion. Education policies and programmes should contribute to development of understanding, solidarity and tolerance among individuals as well as among ethnic, social, cultural, religious and linguistic groups and nations.
4.3 Education for tolerance should aim at countering influences that lead to fear and exclusion of others, and should help young people to develop capacities for independent judgement, critical thinking and ethical reasoning.
4.4 We pledge to support and implement programmes of social science research and education for tolerance, human rights and non-violence. This means devoting special attention to improving teacher training, curricula, the content of textbooks and lessons, and other educational materials including new educational technologies, with a view to educating caring and responsible citizens open to other cultures, able to appreciate the value of freedom, respectful of human dignity and differences, and able to prevent conflicts or resolve them by nonviolent means.
Article 5 - Commitment to action
We commit ourselves to promoting tolerance and non-violence through programmes and institutions in the fields of education science, culture and communication.
Article 6 - International Day for Tolerance
In order to generate public awareness, emphasize the dangers of intolerance and react with renewed commitment and action in support of tolerance promotion and education, we solemnly proclaim 16 November the annual International Day for Tolerance.
In 1996, the General Assembly invited Member States to observe the International Day for Tolerance on 16 November, with activities directed towards both educational establishments and the wider public (resolution 51/95 of 12 December). This action came in the wake of the United Nations Year for Tolerance, 1995, proclaimed by the Assembly in 1993 (resolution 48/126). The Year had been declared on the initiative of the General Conference of UNESCO. On 16 November 1995, the UNESCO member States had adopted the Declaration of Principles on Tolerance and Follow-up Plan of Action for the Year.
The 2005 World Summit Outcome document (A/RES/60/1), outlines the commitment of Heads of State and Government to advance human welfare, freedom and progress everywhere, as well as to encourage tolerance, respect, dialogue and cooperation among different cultures, civilizations and peoples.
RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY
48/126. United Nations Year for Tolerance
The General Assembly,
Recalling that the Charter of the United Nations affirms in its preamble that to practise tolerance is one of the principles to be applied to attain the ends pursued by the United Nations of preventing war and maintaining peace,
Recalling also that one of the purposes of the United Nations as set forth in the Charter is the achievement of international cooperation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,
Mindful of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and of the International Covenants on Human Rights,
Bearing in mind the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, adopted by the World Conference on Human Rights, held at Vienna from 14 to 25 June 1993,
Convinced that tolerance - the recognition and appreciation of others, the ability to live together with and to listen to others - is the sound foundation of any civil society and of peace, Recalling its resolution 47/124 of 18 December 1992, in which, inter alia, it invited the Economic and Social Council to consider at its substantive session of 1993 the question of proclaiming 1995 the United Nations year for tolerance and to transmit a recommendation to the General Assembly at its forty-eighth session,
Recalling also resolution 5.6 of the General Conference of the Unite
Taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution 1993/57 of 29 July 1993, in which the Council recommended that the General Assembly, at its forty-eighth session, should proclaim 1995 the United Nations year for tolerance,
Taking into account the note by the Secretary-General, transmitting the report of the Director-General of the the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,
Bearing in mind its decision 35/424 of 5 December 1980 and Economic and Social Council resolution 1980/67 of 25 July 1980 concerning guidelines for international years and anniversaries, Noting that the preparations for the United Nations year for tolerance will not involve any financial implications for the United Nations,
1. Proclaims 1995 the United Nations Year for Tolerance;
2. Recommends that the specialized agencies, regional commissions and other organizations of the United Nations system consider in their respective forums the contributions they could make to the success of the Year;
3. Invites the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to assume the role of lead organization for the Year;
4. Calls upon all Member States to cooperate with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in the preparation of the national and international programmes for the Year and to participate actively in the implementation of the activities to be organized within the framework of the Year;
5. Invites interested intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to exert efforts in their respective fields to contribute adequately to the preparation of programmes for the Year;
6. Requests the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to prepare, in accordance with its General Conference resolution 5.6, a declaration on tolerance;
7. Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-ninth session an item entitled "Preparations for and organization of the United Nations Year for Tolerance".
85th plenary meeting
20 December 1993
Fuentes:
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N97/769/93/PDF/N9776993.pdf?OpenElement
http://www.unesco.org/webworld/peace_library/UNESCO/HRIGHTS/124-129.HTM
http://www.un.org/depts/dhl/tolerance/index.html
http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N94/078/69/PDF/N9407869.pdf?OpenElement